UPSC Institute in Bangalore

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NATIONAL MPI INDEX

About National Multi-dimensional Poverty Index:
This baseline report of India's first-ever national MPI measure is based on the National Family Health Survey (NFHS)- 4 reference period of 2015-16.
It is based on the Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative (OPHI) and the United Nations Development Programme's (UNDP) approach, which is widely regarded and reliable (UNDP).
It captures the many and concurrent deprivations that households confront.
The parameters that were utilised:
Nutrition, child and adolescent mortality, antenatal care, years of schooling, school attendance, cooking fuel, sanitation, drinking water, electricity, housing, assets, and bank account are among the 12 indicators that make up the NMPI. They are grouped into three dimensions: health, education, and standard of living.
What is the significance of NFHS-4:
The data obtained during the NFHS-4 (2015-2016) relates to the period before new governments' flagship programmes were fully implemented.
As a result, it is a good tool for assessing the situation at the outset, i.e. before large-scale implementation of nationally significant programs.
What is the purpose of the data?
The national MPI 2021 is derived from home microdata obtained at the unit level for the NFHS-4, which is used to generate the baseline multidimensional poverty index.
Furthermore, the NFHS-5 baseline would be used to assess the country's progress, with data collected between 2019 and 2020.
The NFHS-5 data obtained in 2019-20 will be used to assess the country's development against this baseline.
Highlights of the National MPI Index:
Bihar has the highest poverty rate at 51.91 percent, followed by Jharkhand (42.16 percent), Uttar Pradesh (37.79 percent), Madhya Pradesh (36.65 percent), and Meghalaya (36.65 percent) (32.67 percent ).
Kerala, on the other hand, has the lowest population poverty rate (0.71%), followed by Puducherry (1.72%), Lakshadweep (1.82%), Goa (3.76%), and Sikkim (3.76%). (3.82 percent ).
Tamil Nadu (4.89 percent), Andaman & Nicobar Islands (4.30 percent), Delhi (4.79 percent), Punjab (5.59 percent), Himachal Pradesh (7.62 percent), and Mizoram are among the States and UTs where less than 10% of the population is poor (9.8 percent ).