How Are Molecular Cytogenetics Techniques Effective in Finding Genetic Aberrations?

[Pramod Kumar]

Molecular cytogenetics involves every aspect of chromosome biology and the application of this technique in all areas of medicine and biology, including functional and structural organization of the nucleus and chromosomes, expression and evolution, chromosome abnormalities in tumor genetics and medical genetics, and genome variation. This branch of science uses technologies like karyotyping, immunohistochemistry (IHC), fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) to detect various chromosomal and genetic aberrations. These techniques are used for the construction of molecular, genetic, comparative, and physical maps.

These molecular cytogenetic techniques are widely used for diagnosing cancer. The surging cases of cancer are, therefore, expected to drive the molecular cytogenetics market at a 9.9% CAGR during the forecast period (2018–2023). The market generated revenue of $1.8 billion in 2017, and it is projected to reach $3.3 billion by 2023. Moreover, an increase in the cancer research activities will facilitate the market growth in the foreseeable future, as researchers are using CGH and FISH to gain critical information about cancer-related molecular signatures.

Moreover, the rapid implementation of pharmacogenomics (PGx) for drug development and disease management is boosting the adoption of molecular cytogenetic techniques. Developments in PGx have led to the discovery of a genetic basis for interindividual variations in drug responses. These advancements will further lead to the creation of personalized treatment methods. In the U.S., pharmaceutical companies are required to include Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved pharmacogenetic test information on the labels of specific drugs.

Geographically, the North American molecular cytogenetics market generated the highest revenue in 2017. This can be attributed to the high prevalence of genetic disorders and cancer, early adoption of technologically enhanced platforms like array technology and next-generation sequencing, and advanced healthcare infrastructure in North America. According to the National Cancer Institute, breast cancer, leukemia, liver cancer, melanoma of the skin, lung and bronchus cancer, bladder cancer, endometrial cancer, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, thyroid cancer, colon and rectum cancer, and kidney cancer are the most-common types of cancer affecting the U.S. population.

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